Two of the population trends in China are population aging and increasing life expectancy.There are differing patterns of income,consumption and savings across different age periods.Using inter-provincial balance panel data,this paper analyzes the influence on the savings rate by the life expectancy growth and age structure changes basing on the theory of life cycle.Theory analysis shows that Life expectancy growth improves the steady-state savings,and age structure change affects individual saving behavior.The empirical analysis revealed that the increase of child population rates reduces national saving rate and the increase of old population rates improves national saving rate when the time effect is not controlled,while the increase of child population rates improves national saving rate and the increase of old population rates reduces national saving rate when the time effect is considered.The paper provideds a reasonable explanation to this conclusion.Testing using a variety of estimation methods and a range of combinations of related variable,we find that the conclusions obtained in this paper are robust.